Keratoconus: Understanding and Managing a Progressive Eye Condition
Keratoconus is a progressive eye disorder that affects the shape of the cornea, causing it to thin and bulge into a cone-like shape. This irregular shape distorts light entering the eye, leading to blurred or distorted vision. The condition typically begins during the teenage years and can worsen over time, although the severity and rate of progression vary from person to person. Keratoconus can affect both eyes, though one eye is often more affected than the other.
The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with a family history of keratoconus are at a higher risk of developing the condition. It is also associated with certain conditions like asthma, allergic eye conditions, and connective tissue disorders. Frequent eye rubbing can also contribute to the progression of keratoconus, making it important to avoid irritating the eyes.
The symptoms of keratoconus can vary, but common signs include blurred vision, sensitivity to light, glare, and frequent changes in eyeglass prescription. As the condition progresses, vision may deteriorate further, and the cornea may become scarred. Early detection of keratoconus is crucial, as there are various treatment options available to slow its progression and improve vision. Regular eye exams and a thorough assessment by an eye care professional are essential for managing the condition.
Treatment for keratoconus depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be managed with prescription glasses or contact lenses designed to correct the irregular shape of the cornea. As the condition worsens, more advanced treatments may be needed, such as corneal cross-linking, which strengthens the corneal tissue to prevent further progression. In some cases, a corneal transplant may be necessary to restore vision. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many individuals with keratoconus can manage the condition effectively and lead normal lives.
